15th Army Air Forces;  WWII
15th Army Air Forces; WWII

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885th Bomb Squadron Special

The 885th Bombardment Squadron (Special) was a unique unit that operated under the 15th Air Force during World War II, specializing in clandestine operations that played a crucial role in supporting resistance movements across Nazi-occupied Europe.

Formation and Mission

The squadron was formed in 1944 as a specialized unit dedicated to special operations. It evolved from the 122nd Bombardment Squadron (Medium) and the 4th Provisional Bombardment Squadron before being officially designated as the 885th Bombardment Squadron (Special). The unit was based at Blida in Algeria and then at Brindisi Airfield in southern Italy.

The primary mission of the 885th was to conduct clandestine night operations, dropping supplies, equipment, and agents to resistance forces operating behind enemy lines. These operations were critical for maintaining resistance activities against Nazi occupation across multiple European countries.

Aircraft and Equipment

The squadron operated modified B-17 and B-24 heavy bombers, specially equipped for night operations and low-altitude supply drops. These aircraft were typically painted black to reduce visibility during night missions and had specialized equipment for precise navigation and target identification in darkness.

Operational Areas

The 885th conducted operations primarily over:

  • Yugoslavia
  • Northern Italy
  • France
  • Poland
  • Czechoslovakia
  • Greece
  • Romania

Group Affiliation:The 885th would eventually operate under the 2641st Special Group.

Operational History

The squadron flew hundreds of sortees between 1944 and the end of the war in Europe in May 1945. Their night operations were extremely dangerous, requiring pilots to fly at low altitudes in mountainous terrain, often in poor weather conditions, and under the threat of enemy anti-aircraft fire.

Despite these challenges, the 885th successfully delivered thousands of tons of supplies, weapons, ammunition, and equipment to resistance forces, as well as transporting intelligence agents, medical supplies, and communication equipment that proved vital to Allied intelligence operations and resistance activities.

 

The unit's contribution to supporting resistance movements had a significant impact on disrupting German logistics, gathering intelligence, and supporting partisan operations behind enemy lines. Their clandestine missions helped strengthen resistance efforts that tied down Nazi forces that might otherwise have been deployed to combat fronts.

Historical Documents

Notation: Some of the included/following documents are copies/scans presented in pdf format; others have been transcribed, ocr from official military unit documents without corrections. Some material was difficult to read and transcribe, sometimes this is noted in the transcription. Some originals may have been missing sections or pages. Spelling was not corrected. Documents are not meant to be a complete record, they are only what has been reasonbly-readable. In some cases document formatting-layout may have been altered to enable better viewing on a web page with multiple devices.

2641st Special Group

Formation and Mission

The 2641st Special Group (Provisional) was a specialized unit of the United States Army Air Forces that operated under the 15th Air Force during World War II.

Primary Mission and Operations

The primary mission of the 2641st Special Group was the insertion and supply of Office of Strategic Services (OSS) agents behind enemy lines in Italy and the Balkans, as well as the supply of resistance and partisan forces operating in these areas. The bulk of the operation supported the 2677th Regiment OSS (Provisional) at Bari Airfield, Italy. Later operations expanded to include Austria as OSS efforts focused on the rumored construction of a "National Redoubt" in the Austrian Alps.

 

The squadrons of the Special Group operated specially modified heavy bombers painted all black with very limited identification markings. While the 885th Bombardment Squadron operated both B-17 Flying Fortresses and B-24 Liberators, the 859th Bombardment Squadron operated only B-24s. Most crews comprised men with prior service in other bombardment groups of the 15th Air Force who were then trained in low-altitude night operations.

Order of Battle

The 2641st Special Group (Provisional) consisted of two primary squadrons:

  1. 885th Bombardment Squadron (Special) - Operated primarily in Italy
  2. 859th Bombardment Squadron (Special) - Operated primarily in the Balkans (initially located in England where it flew "Carpetbagger" missions)

Notable Achievements

The 2641st Special Group received numerous commendations for its dangerous and vital work:

  1. The 885th Bombardment Squadron was awarded the Croix de Guerre with Palm for operations supporting the French Resistance.
  2. The 885th also received a Distinguished Unit Citation for operations on the night of August 12-13, 1944, when, while based at Blida Airport in Algeria, they delivered 18 agents and 67,000 pounds of war material to the Resistance in southern France in advance of Operation Dragoon.
  3. The 2641st Special Group received a Unit Citation for operations in Italy's Po Valley on the night of February 17-18, 1945, in which both the 885th and 859th squadrons participated.